extract figures in separate files

89 files changed, 4339 insertions, 4174 deletions

diff --git a/charts/capacitor-dielectric-absorption-noise-typical-magnitude.typ b/charts/capacitor-dielectric-absorption-noise-typical-magnitude.typ
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d15bfb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/charts/capacitor-dielectric-absorption-noise-typical-magnitude.typ
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#import "../lib/unify.typ": qty, unit
+#import "@preview/cetz:0.5.2"
+#import "@preview/cetz-plot:0.1.4": plot
+
+#figure(
+  cetz.canvas({
+    import cetz.draw: *
+
+    plot.plot(
+      size: (12, 9),
+      y-mode: "log",
+      x-label: [Time $t$ ($unit("s")$)],
+      y-label: [Residual Voltage $V_upright("DA")$ ($unit("mV")$)],
+      x-min: 0.001,
+      x-max: 9,
+      y-min: 0.01,
+      y-max: 500,
+      x-grid: "minor",
+      y-grid: "minor",
+      {
+        // 200 uV (0.2 mV) Metrologic systematic error budget limit
+        plot.add(
+          ((0.001, 0.2), (10, 0.2)),
+          style: (
+            stroke: (paint: luma(120), thickness: 0.8pt, dash: "dash-dotted"),
+          ),
+          label: [Budget limit ($qty(200, "uV")$)],
+        )
+        // Ceramic X7R (DA = 2.5%, 10 V step -> 250 mV initial soakage peak)
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "solid")),
+          label: [Ceramic (X7R / Class 2)],
+          domain: (0.001, 10),
+          samples: 10000,
+          t => (
+            250
+              * (
+                0.5 * calc.exp(-t / 0.01) + 0.3 * calc.exp(-t / 0.1) + 0.2 * calc.exp(-t / 1.0)
+              )
+          ),
+        )
+        // Polypropylene PP (DA = 0.05%, 10 V step -> 5 mV initial soakage peak)
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dotted")),
+          label: [Polypropylene (PP)],
+          domain: (0.001, 10),
+          samples: 10000,
+          t => (
+            5
+              * (
+                0.5 * calc.exp(-t / 0.01) + 0.3 * calc.exp(-t / 0.1) + 0.2 * calc.exp(-t / 1.0)
+              )
+          ),
+        )
+        // Polystyrene PP (DA = 0.002, 10 V step -> 2 mV initial soakage peak)
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dashed")),
+          label: [Polystyrene (PS)],
+          domain: (0.001, 10),
+          samples: 10000,
+          t => (
+            2
+              * (
+                0.5 * calc.exp(-t / 0.01) + 0.3 * calc.exp(-t / 0.1) + 0.2 * calc.exp(-t / 1.0)
+              )
+          ),
+        )
+        // Teflon PTFE (DA = 0.001, 10 V step -> 1 mV initial soakage peak)
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dash-dotted")),
+          label: [Teflon (PTFE)],
+          domain: (0.001, 10),
+          samples: 10000,
+          t => (
+            1
+              * (
+                0.5 * calc.exp(-t / 0.01) + 0.3 * calc.exp(-t / 0.1) + 0.2 * calc.exp(-t / 1.0)
+              )
+          ),
+        )
+        // Class 1 C0G/NP0 Ceramic (DA = 0.005%, 10 V step -> 0.5 mV initial soakage peak)
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: (6pt, 2pt, 2pt, 2pt))),
+          label: [Class 1 (C0G/NP0)],
+          domain: (0.001, 10),
+          samples: 10000,
+          t => (
+            0.5
+              * (
+                0.5 * calc.exp(-t / 0.01) + 0.3 * calc.exp(-t / 0.1) + 0.2 * calc.exp(-t / 1.0)
+              )
+          ),
+        )
+      },
+    )
+  }),
+  caption: [Capacitor dielectric absorption residual voltage relaxation ($V_upright("DA")$) over time following a $qty(10, "V")$ step voltage reset, comparing dielectric classes against the $qty(200, "uV")$ systematic error budget],
+) <figure-capacitor-dielectric-absorption-noise-typical-magnitude>
diff --git a/charts/crosstalk-mathematical-model.typ b/charts/crosstalk-mathematical-model.typ
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7701ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/charts/crosstalk-mathematical-model.typ
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#import "../lib/unify.typ": qty, unit
+#import "@preview/cetz:0.5.2"
+#import "@preview/cetz-plot:0.1.4": plot
+
+#figure(
+  cetz.canvas({
+    import cetz.draw: *
+
+    plot.plot(
+      size: (12, 6),
+      x-mode: "log",
+      x-label: [Frequency $f$ ($unit("Hz")$)],
+      y-label: [Coupled Voltage $V_"coupled"$ ($unit("mV")$)],
+      x-min: 10,
+      x-max: 100000,
+      y-min: 0.001,
+      y-max: 65,
+      x-grid: "minor",
+      y-grid: "minor",
+      {
+        // 20 kHz System Bandwidth limit vertical reference line
+        plot.add(
+          ((20000, 0.001), (20000, 100)),
+          style: (
+            stroke: (paint: luma(120), thickness: 0.8pt, dash: "dashed"),
+          ),
+          label: none,
+        )
+
+        // Unshielded PCB trace: C_mutual = 1 pF, Z_victim = 10 kOhm
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "solid")),
+          label: [Unshielded trace \
+            ($qty(1, "pF"), qty(10, "kilo ohm")$)],
+          domain: (10, 100000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => 2 * calc.pi * f * 1e-12 * 10000 * 10 * 1000, // in mV
+        )
+
+        // Low-impedance node: C_mutual = 1 pF, Z_victim = 1 kOhm
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dashed")),
+          label: [Low-impedance node \
+            ($qty(1, "pF"), qty(1, "kilo ohm")$)],
+          domain: (10, 100000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => 2 * calc.pi * f * 1e-12 * 1000 * 10 * 1000, // in mV
+        )
+
+        // Guard trace shielding: C_mutual = 0.05 pF, Z_victim = 10 kOhm
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dotted")),
+          label: [Guard trace shielded \
+            ($qty(0.05, "pF"), qty(10, "kilo ohm")$)],
+          domain: (10, 100000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => 2 * calc.pi * f * 0.05e-12 * 10000 * 10 * 1000, // in mV
+        )
+      },
+    )
+  }),
+  caption: [Capacitive crosstalk coupled voltage ($V_"coupled"$) vs. frequency across different PCB layout conditions, demonstrating the $qty(20, "decibel per decade")$ slope up to the $qty(20, "kHz")$ system bandwidth boundary],
+) <figure-crosstalk-mathematical-model>
diff --git a/charts/opamp-voltage-noise-typical-magnitudes.typ b/charts/opamp-voltage-noise-typical-magnitudes.typ
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e926dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/charts/opamp-voltage-noise-typical-magnitudes.typ
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#import "../lib/unify.typ": qty, unit
+#import "@preview/cetz:0.5.2"
+#import "@preview/cetz-plot:0.1.4": plot
+
+#figure(
+  cetz.canvas({
+    import cetz.draw: *
+
+    plot.plot(
+      size: (12, 6),
+      x-mode: "log",
+      x-label: [Frequency $f$ ($unit("Hz")$)],
+      y-label: [$e_n(f)$ ($unit("nano volt per shertz")$)],
+      x-min: 0.1,
+      x-max: 100000,
+      y-min: 0.5,
+      y-max: 50,
+      x-grid: "minor",
+      y-grid: "minor",
+      {
+        // General purpose (TL072): e_white = 18 nV/sqrt(Hz), fc = 200 Hz
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "solid")),
+          label: [TL07x],
+          domain: (0.1, 100000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => 18 * calc.sqrt(1 + 200 / f),
+        )
+        // Low noise (OPA211): e_white = 1.1 nV/sqrt(Hz), fc = 10 Hz
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dashed")),
+          label: [OPA211],
+          domain: (0.1, 100000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => 1.1 * calc.sqrt(1 + 10 / f),
+        )
+        //  Precision low noise (LT1028): e_white = 0.85 nV/sqrt(Hz), fc = 3.5 Hz
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dotted")),
+          label: [LT1028],
+          domain: (0.1, 100000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => 0.85 * calc.sqrt(1 + 3.5 / f),
+        )
+        //  Chopper stabilized (LTC2057): e_white = 7 nV/sqrt(Hz), fc = 1 Hz
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dash-dotted")),
+          label: [LTC2057],
+          domain: (0.1, 100000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => 7 * calc.sqrt(1 + 1 / f),
+        )
+      },
+    )
+  }),
+  caption: [Comparison of operational amplifier voltage noise spectral density curves across frequency],
+) <figure-opamp-voltage-noise-mathematical-model>
diff --git a/charts/power-supply-noise-coupling-typical-magnitude.typ b/charts/power-supply-noise-coupling-typical-magnitude.typ
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a3a8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/charts/power-supply-noise-coupling-typical-magnitude.typ
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#import "../lib/unify.typ": qty, unit
+#import "@preview/cetz:0.5.2"
+#import "@preview/cetz-plot:0.1.4": plot
+
+#figure(
+  cetz.canvas({
+    import cetz.draw: *
+
+    plot.plot(
+      size: (12, 6),
+      x-mode: "log",
+      y-mode: "linear",
+      x-label: [Frequency $f$ ($unit("Hz")$)],
+      y-label: [$upright("PSRR")(f)$ ($unit("dB")$)],
+      x-min: 1,
+      x-max: 1000000,
+      y-min: 0,
+      y-max: 140,
+      x-grid: "minor",
+      y-grid: "minor",
+      {
+        // 500 kHz PWAM Carrier vertical reference line
+        plot.add(
+          ((500000, 0), (500000, 140)),
+          style: (stroke: (paint: luma(120), thickness: 0.8pt, dash: "dashed")),
+          label: none,
+        )
+        // General purpose (TL07x): PSRR_DC = 100 dB, fp1 = 1 kHz, fp2 = 100 kHz
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "solid")),
+          label: [TL07x],
+          domain: (1, 1000000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => (
+            100
+              - 10 * calc.log(1 + calc.pow(f / 1000, 2), base: 10)
+              - 10 * calc.log(1 + calc.pow(f / 100000, 2), base: 10)
+          ),
+        )
+        // Low noise (OPA211): PSRR_DC = 130 dB, fp1 = 300 Hz, fp2 = 50 kHz
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dotted")),
+          label: [OPA211],
+          domain: (1, 1000000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => (
+            130
+              - 10 * calc.log(1 + calc.pow(f / 300, 2), base: 10)
+              - 10 * calc.log(1 + calc.pow(f / 50000, 2), base: 10)
+          ),
+        )
+        // Precision low noise (LT1028): PSRR_DC = 120 dB, fp1 = 300 Hz, fp2 = 100 kHz
+        plot.add(
+          style: (stroke: (dash: "dashed")),
+          label: [LT1028],
+          domain: (1, 1000000),
+          samples: 8000,
+          f => (
+            120
+              - 10 * calc.log(1 + calc.pow(f / 300, 2), base: 10)
+              - 10 * calc.log(1 + calc.pow(f / 100000, 2), base: 10)
+          ),
+        )
+      },
+    )
+  }),
+  caption: [Power supply rejection ratio ($upright("PSRR")$) degradation across frequency, highlighting the reduced rejection at the $qty(500, "kHz")$ PWAM carrier frequency],
+) <figure-power-supply-noise-coupling-mathematical-model>
diff --git a/diagrams/backplane-connector-diagram.typ b/diagrams/backplane-connector-diagram.typ
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b2d254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diagrams/backplane-connector-diagram.typ
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#import "../lib/unify.typ": qty
+#import "@preview/cetz:0.5.2"
+
+#figure(
+  cetz.canvas({
+    import cetz.draw: *
+
+    let dx = 1.0
+    let top-y = 0.55
+    let bot-y = -0.55
+
+    // Outer mounting flange / metal ears
+    rect(
+      (-2.0, -1.4),
+      (14.0, 1.4),
+      rx: 0.2,
+      fill: luma(245),
+      stroke: 1pt + luma(100),
+    )
+
+    // Left and right chassis mounting screw holes
+    circle((-1.3, 0), radius: 0.35, fill: luma(220), stroke: 1pt + luma(120))
+    circle((-1.3, 0), radius: 0.20, fill: white, stroke: 0.8pt + luma(100))
+    circle((13.3, 0), radius: 0.35, fill: luma(220), stroke: 1pt + luma(120))
+    circle((13.3, 0), radius: 0.20, fill: white, stroke: 0.8pt + luma(100))
+
+    // D-Sub trapezoidal shroud outline
+    line(
+      (-0.7, 1.15),
+      (12.7, 1.15),
+      (12.2, -1.15),
+      (-0.2, -1.15),
+      close: true,
+      fill: luma(230),
+      stroke: 1.5pt + black,
+    )
+
+    // Shell Earth ground connection reference
+    line((-0.45, -1.15), (-0.45, -2.0), stroke: (
+      paint: luma(120),
+      thickness: 0.7pt,
+      dash: "dashed",
+    ))
+    content(
+      (-0.45, -2.05),
+      text(size: 7.5pt, weight: "bold")[Shell: Chassis Earth],
+      angle: -50deg,
+      anchor: "north-west",
+    )
+
+    // Top row pins (Pins 1 to 13)